Wednesday, 10 of March of 2010

Category » Tips

Oven Temperatures

Fahrenheit Celsius
250 130
275 140
300 150
325 170
350 180
375 190
400 200
425 220
450 230
475 240
500 250

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Metric Conversion of Measurements

METRIC CONVERSION OF MEASUREMENTS

LIQUID MEASUREMENTS
1 teaspoon 5 ml
1/4 ounce 1 teaspoon 7 ml
1/2 ounce 1 Tablespoon 15 ml
1 ounce 2 Tablespoons 28 ml
2 ounces 1/4 cup 56 ml
4 ounces ½ cup 110 ml
6 ounces 3/4 cup 170 ml
8 ounces 1 cup 225 ml
9 ounces 250 ml 1/4 liter
10 ounces 1 1/4 cup 280 ml
12 ounces 1 ½ cup 340 ml
16 ounces 2 cups 450 ml
18 ounces 2 1/4 cups 500 ml 1/2 liter
20 ounces 2 1/2 cups 560 ml
24 ounces 3 cups 675 ml
32 ounces 4 cups 900 ml
36 ounces 4 1/2 cups 1000 ml 1 liter
SOLID MEASUREMENTS
Ounces Pounds Grams Kilos
1 28
2 56
3 ½ 100
4 1/4 112
5 140
6 168
8 1/2 225
9 250 1/4
12 ¾ 340
16 1 450
18 500 1/2
20 1 1/4 560
24 1 1/2 675
27 750 3/4
32 2 900
36 2 1/4 1000 1

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Measurement Equivalents

When you are cooking it is sometimes necessary for you measure an ingredient in an equivalent manner. These might be helpful to you the next time you are cooking. While exact measurements may not be necessary for some dishes, remember that when baking you should endeavor to follow the recipe completely.

Drop 1/64 teaspoon
Smidgen 1/32 teaspoon
Pinch 1/16 teaspoon
Dash 1/8 teaspoon
Tad 1/4 teaspoon
3 teaspoons 1 Tablespoon 1/2 ounce
1/4 cup 4 Tablespoons 2 ounces
1/3 cup 5 Tablespoons + 1 teaspoon 3 ounces
1/2 cup 8 Tablespoons 4 ounces
1 cup 16 Tablespoons 8 ounces
2 cups 1 pint 16 ounces
2 pints 1 quart 32 ounces
16 cups 4 quarts 1 gallon

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Ingredient Substitution

You are right in the middle of preparing a recipe and suddenly discover you are missing an ingredient.  Yes, you know you should have checked on this before you began but that does not help now.

The following substitutions might help you finish your dish.

Ingredient Quantity Substitute
Baking Powder 1 tsp double acting 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 cup buttermilk or
1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
Butter 1 cup 1 cup margarine or
7/8 cup lard + 1/2 tsp salt
Buttermilk 1 cup 1 Tbsp vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup or
2/3 cup plain yogurt + 1/3 cup sweet milk
Chocolate 1 ounce 3 Tbsp cocoa + 1 Tbsp shortening
Corn Starch/thicken 1 Tbsp 2 Tbsp flour
Cream 1 cup 1/2 cup butter + 3/4 cup milk
Egg 1 whole 2 egg yolks
All Purpose Flour 1 cup 1 cup + 2 Tbsp cake flour
Cake Flour 1 cup 7/8 cup all purpose flour
Self-rising Flour 1 cup 1 cup flour (omit baking powder & salt)
Garlic 1 small clove 1/8 tsp garlic powder
Herbs 1 Tbsp fresh 1 tsp dried
Honey 1 cup 1 1/4 cups sugar + 1/4 cup liquid
Milk, fresh whole 1 cup 1 cup reconstituted dry milk + 2 tsp butter
Milk, whole 1 cup 1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water
Milk, sour 1 cup 1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup
Molasses 1 cup 1 cup honey
Mustard, prepared 1 Tbsp 1 tsp dry mustard
Onion, fried 1 Onion 1 leek, chopped and fried
Onion, Minced/rehydrated 1 Tbsp instant 1 small fresh onion
Ricotta Cheese 1 cup 1 cup cottage cheese + 1 Tbsp skim milk
Sour Cream 1 cup 1 cup yogurt
Sugar, Brown 1 cup 3/4 cup granulated sugar + 1/4 cup molasses
Sugar, Powdered 1 1/3 cups 1 cup granulated sugar
Yogurt 1 cup 1 cup buttermilk

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Cooking for Beginners! Isn’t It Just Reading A Recipe?

“Cooking for beginners is just a matter of being able to read. After all, there are recipes everywhere.” At first glance this may seem true but as you explore those recipes, you discover that terms are confusing and in general the recipe doesn’t give details about cooking. For the beginner this can be frustrating.

Although cooking can be likened to a chemical formula, YoungGirlMixingonce you learn the language it will be easier to begin cooking. For the beginner, your knowledge will be able to grow by leaps and bounds by understanding what you are doing each step of the way.
Read the recipe all the way through.  Look up terms that you don’t understand. Don’t guess or assume you know. The language of cooking can be very different. Build your cooking knowledge base with solid information. Some of those terms you will encounter:

  • Brown hamburger meat (ground meat) – Cook until the pink disappears. Stir with a fork so that it is in small pieces when finished. It does not mean to turn the meat dark brown.
  • Tender – When cooking vegetables, they are done when a fork slides easily into the vegetable. It should not meet with resistance.
  • Cook until translucent – Commonly used when talking about onions, it means that they have turned to a softer white that is more transparent rather than solid white.
  • Stir frequently – Use a spoon to manipulate the ingredients in the pan or skillet. Frequently means every 2 to 3 minutes.

Good recipes start with the ingredient list. Assemble all the required ingredients. This will allow you to be sure you have everything needed. There is nothing more frustrating than being half way through a recipe and discovering you don’t have an ingredient.
Ingredients are usually listed in the order that they will be used. Even the order of those words has significance. For example, if the recipe calls for “1 cup nuts, chopped”, it means measure the cup of nuts and then chop the nuts. However, if the instructions say “1 cup chopped nuts”, it means chop them and then measure.
These are common abbreviations:

  • Tbsp = Tablespoon
  • tsp = teaspoon
  • oz = ounce
  • lb = pound

Temperature and cooking time is frequently given as a range. This is to accommodate the difference in appliances. It is advisable to use the lowest part of the heat setting. You can always turn the heat up or cook it a little longer. But overcooking or burning can’t be undone.
Cooking for the beginner should be an interesting and fun journey.   So experiment with new things. Acquire a new skill at least weekly.


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